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In this example we will work with observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background from the Planck satellite using advanced functionalities of pandas and numpy and we will create plots with matplotlib.

In section 1 we will read a map created by the Planck satellite and we will familiarize with HDF5 format and working with hierarchical indexing in pandas. We will also visualize sky maps in matplotlib using a curvilinear projection.

In section 2 we will use numpy to create a simulation of how Planck scans the sky thoughout a year of observations and we will plot scanning rings in different reference frames. We will also create a interactive widget with ipywidgets.

In section 3 we will use the scanning coordinates created in section 2 to simulate an observation of the map used in setion 1. We will add white noise and then learn how to use pandas groupby with hierarchical index to aggregate the data into a sky map. We will finally compare the simulated noisy map with the original map and study its features.

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